Species

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Episyron histrio (Lepeletier, 1845)

Pompilus histrio Lepeletier, 1845:440, ♀. ♀, Cap de Bonne-Espérance (Musée de M. Serville). - Smith, 1855Smith, F. 1855. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part III, Mutillidae and Pompilidae. :203 pp, 5 pl.:138 (listed); Dalla Torre, 1897Dalla Torre, C.G. 1897. Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Volumen VIII: Fossores (Sphegidae). Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig. 1-749. (distribution), 294 (listed); Arnold, 1936Arnold, G. 1936. The Psammocharidae (olim Pompilidae) of the Ethiopian region. Part VI. Subfamily Psammocharinae continued. Ann. Transvaal Mus. 18:415-460.:448 (listed); Junco y Reyes, 1963Junco y Reyes, J.J. 1963. Himenópteros de Espana. Fam. Pompilidae (=Psammocharidae) Gens. Episyron Schdt., Batozonellus Arnd., Ctenostegus Hpt., Schistonyx Sauss. y Aporinellus Bks. EOS Revista Española de Entomologia 38:486-547.:489 (listed); Wahis, 2000Wahis, R. 2000. Hyménoptères aculéates du Yemen (Pompiliae, Vespidae). Not. faun. Gembloux 41:73-100.:90 (listed). - As Episyron histrio: - Arnold, 1936Arnold, G. 1936. The Psammocharidae (olim Pompilidae) of the Ethiopian region. Part VI. Subfamily Psammocharinae continued. Ann. Transvaal Mus. 18:415-460. (distribution), 447 (key female), 448 (key male, listed), 449 (description female), 450 (description male, distribution); Arnold, 1951Arnold, G. 1951. Sphecidae and Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) collected by Mr. K. M. Guichard in West Africa and Ethiopia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 2 (3):96-187. (distribution); Junco y Reyes, 1963Junco y Reyes, J.J. 1963. Himenópteros de Espana. Fam. Pompilidae (=Psammocharidae) Gens. Episyron Schdt., Batozonellus Arnd., Ctenostegus Hpt., Schistonyx Sauss. y Aporinellus Bks. EOS Revista Española de Entomologia 38:486-547.:489 (listed); Dollfuss, 1990Dollfuss, H. 1990. Aculeate Hymenoptera collected 1985 in the Republic of Central Africa (Sphecidae, Eumenidae, Vespidae, Pompilidae, Chrysididae, Scoliidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen 42:121-123. (distribution); Wahis, 2000Wahis, R. 2000. Hyménoptères aculéates du Yemen (Pompiliae, Vespidae). Not. faun. Gembloux 41:73-100. (distribution), 90 (fauna, listed); Wolf et al., 2009Wolf, H., Sorg, M., Stenmans, W. & H. Schwan 2009. Wegwespen (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) der westlichen Paläarktis bearbeitet von Heinrich Wolf 1948 - 2008. Mitteilungen aus dem Entomologischen Verein Krefeld 3:1-395.:245 (distribution, listed); Gess & Gess, 2014Gess. S.K. & F.W. Gess 2014. Wasps and bees in southern Africa. SANBI Biodiversity Series 24. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. (distribution); Ganeshan & Madl, 2016Ganeshan, S. & M. Madl 2016. Notes on the Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) of the Mascarenes. Linzer Biologische Beiträge 48 (1):483-485. (distribution).
Pompilus fervidus Smith, 1873:441, ♀. ♀, Para (leg. H. W. Bates); Evans, 1966Evans, H.E. 1966. A revision of the Mexican and central American spider wasps of the subfamily Pompilinae (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society :1-442.:210, Type ♀ (? BMNH). - Fox, 1897Fox, W.J. 1897. Contributions to a knowledge of the Hymenoptera of Brazil, No. 2. - Pompilidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 49:229-283. (distribution), 246 (listed); Dalla Torre, 1897Dalla Torre, C.G. 1897. Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Volumen VIII: Fossores (Sphegidae). Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig. 1-749. (distribution), 288 (listed); Arnold, 1936Arnold, G. 1936. The Psammocharidae (olim Pompilidae) of the Ethiopian region. Part VI. Subfamily Psammocharinae continued. Ann. Transvaal Mus. 18:415-460.:448 ( listed as synonym of Episyron histrio (Lepeletier, 1845)); Banks, 1947Banks, N. 1947. Studies of South American Psammocharidae. Part 2. Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Bulletin 99:371-486.:376 ( listed as synonym of Batazonus fervidus (Smith, 1879)). - As Poecilopompilus algidus fervidus: - Evans, 1966Evans, H.E. 1966. A revision of the Mexican and central American spider wasps of the subfamily Pompilinae (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society :1-442. (distribution); Martins, 1991Martins, R.P. 1991. Nesting behavior and prey of Poecilopompilus algidus fervidus and Tachypompilus xanthopterus (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 64 (2):231-236. (distribution, prey [Argyropidae (Arachnida), nephila clavipes L., Parawixia sp., Argiope argentata L., and Araneus sp.]); Braet et al., 2000Braet, Y., J.A. Cerda & J. Fretey 2000. Note sur quelques insectes récoltés au piège Malaise en Guyane française. Notes faunique de Gembloux 38:3-20. (distribution); Cambra et al., 2004Cambra, R.A., D.A. Quintero & R.J. Miranda 2004. Presas, comportamiento de anidación y nuevos registros de distribución en Pompílidos Neotropicales (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Tecnociencia 6 (1):95-109. (distribution); Fernández et al., 2022Fernández, F., J. Rodriguez, C. Waichert, B. Decker & J. Pitts 2022. Twenty two years later: An updated checklist of Neotropical spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Zootaxa 5116 (4):451-503. (distribution). - As Poecilopompilus fervidus: - Starr & Hook, 2003Starr, C.K. & Hook, A.W. 2003. The aculeate Hymenoptera of Trinidad, West Indies. Occasional Papers o the Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies 12:1-31. (distribution); Fernández et al., 2017Fernández, F., V. Castro, J. Rodríguez, C. Waichert & J.P. Pitts 2017. Avispas cazadoras de arañas de Colombia (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Proceditor Ltda., Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. (distribution); Kurczewski et al., 2024Kurczewski, F.E., R.C. West & C. Waichert 2024. New host records for Nearctic and Neotropical spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Insecta Mundi 1034:1-32. (distribution, hosts [Parawixia audax (Blackwall) (Araneidae)]).
Pompilus ornatissimus Ritsema, 1874:191, ♀ - Dalla Torre, 1897Dalla Torre, C.G. 1897. Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Volumen VIII: Fossores (Sphegidae). Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig. 1-749. (distribution), 308 (listed); Arnold, 1936Arnold, G. 1936. The Psammocharidae (olim Pompilidae) of the Ethiopian region. Part VI. Subfamily Psammocharinae continued. Ann. Transvaal Mus. 18:415-460.:448 ( listed as synonym of Episyron histrio (Lepeletier, 1845)). - As Episyron ornatissimus: - Dollfuss, 1990Dollfuss, H. 1990. Aculeate Hymenoptera collected 1985 in the Republic of Central Africa (Sphecidae, Eumenidae, Vespidae, Pompilidae, Chrysididae, Scoliidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen 42:121-123. (distribution).
Pompilus fervidus Smith, 1879:145, ♂♀.Natal (British Museum). - Bingham, 1911Bingham, C.T. 1911. South African aculeate Hymenoptera in the Oxford Museum. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London III:528-562.:560 ( listed as synonym of Pompilus natalicolus Dalla Torre, 1897); Turner, 1915Turner, R.E. 1915. Family Psammocharidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 8: v. 16:332-335.:335 ( listed as synonym of Psammochares natalicolus (Dalla Torre, 1897)). - As Batazonus fervidus: - Banks, 1944Banks, N. 1944. The Psammocharidae (Hymenoptera) taken at Kartabo and other localities in British Guiana. Zoologica 29:97-112. (distribution), 111 (listed); Banks, 1947Banks, N. 1947. Studies of South American Psammocharidae. Part 2. Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Bulletin 99:371-486. (distribution), 376 (listed).
Pompilus Natalicolus Dalla Torre, 1897:304, no descr. Replacement name for Pompilus fervidus Smith, 1879 by Dalla Torre, 1897Dalla Torre, C.G. 1897. Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Volumen VIII: Fossores (Sphegidae). Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig. 1-749.:304 (nec 1873). - Dalla Torre, 1897Dalla Torre, C.G. 1897. Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Volumen VIII: Fossores (Sphegidae). Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig. 1-749. (distribution), 304 (listed); Bingham, 1911Bingham, C.T. 1911. South African aculeate Hymenoptera in the Oxford Museum. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London III:528-562. (distribution); Arnold, 1936Arnold, G. 1936. The Psammocharidae (olim Pompilidae) of the Ethiopian region. Part VI. Subfamily Psammocharinae continued. Ann. Transvaal Mus. 18:415-460.:448 ( listed as synonym of Episyron histrio (Lepeletier, 1845)). - As Episyron natalicolus: - Arnold, 1933Arnold, G. 1933. Entomological expedition to Abyssinia, 1926-7. Hymenoptera, II.: Sphegidae and Psammocharidae. With an introductory note and supplementary list by Hugh Scott, Sc. D. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 10: v. 11 (63):351-371. (distribution). - As Psammochares natalicolus:
Anoplius pulchrihirtus Cameron, 1905:229, ♀. ♀, Cape Colony (leg. Stellenbosch). - Turner, 1915Turner, R.E. 1915. Family Psammocharidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 8: v. 16:332-335.:335 ( listed as synonym of Psammochares natalicolus (Dalla Torre, 1897)); Arnold, 1936Arnold, G. 1936. The Psammocharidae (olim Pompilidae) of the Ethiopian region. Part VI. Subfamily Psammocharinae continued. Ann. Transvaal Mus. 18:415-460.:448 ( listed as synonym of Episyron histrio (Lepeletier, 1845)); Junco y Reyes, 1959Junco y Reyes, J.J. 1959. Himenópteros de Espana. Fam. Pompilidae (=Psammocharidae) Gen. Anopilus Duf. EOS Revista Española de Entomologia 35:41-95. (distribution), 48 ( listed as synonym of Episyron histrio (Lepeletier, 1845)).
Pseudagenia pulchrifrons Cameron, 1905:417, ♀. ♀, Khasia Hills, Assam (Mr. G. A. James Rothney). - Junco y Reyes, 1951Junco y Reyes, J.J. 1951. Himenópteros de Espana. Fam. Psammocharidae (Olim. Pompilidae). II. Claveliinae, Calicurgini. EOS Revista Española de Entomologia 27 (2):143-233. (distribution), 198 (listed).
Pompilus nexilis Kohl, 1906:272, ♀. ♀, Westafrika (Old Calabar), 7. 1892 (leg. Dr. H. Brauns). - Arnold, 1936Arnold, G. 1936. The Psammocharidae (olim Pompilidae) of the Ethiopian region. Part VI. Subfamily Psammocharinae continued. Ann. Transvaal Mus. 18:415-460.:448 ( listed as synonym of Episyron histrio (Lepeletier, 1845)); Junco y Reyes, 1963Junco y Reyes, J.J. 1963. Himenópteros de Espana. Fam. Pompilidae (=Psammocharidae) Gens. Episyron Schdt., Batozonellus Arnd., Ctenostegus Hpt., Schistonyx Sauss. y Aporinellus Bks. EOS Revista Española de Entomologia 38:486-547.:490 (listed). - As Episyron nexilis: - Junco y Reyes, 1963Junco y Reyes, J.J. 1963. Himenópteros de Espana. Fam. Pompilidae (=Psammocharidae) Gens. Episyron Schdt., Batozonellus Arnd., Ctenostegus Hpt., Schistonyx Sauss. y Aporinellus Bks. EOS Revista Española de Entomologia 38:486-547.:490 (listed); Dollfuss, 1990Dollfuss, H. 1990. Aculeate Hymenoptera collected 1985 in the Republic of Central Africa (Sphecidae, Eumenidae, Vespidae, Pompilidae, Chrysididae, Scoliidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen 42:121-123. (distribution).
Pompilus Sjöstedti Cameron, 1910:254, ♀. ♀, Kilimandjaro: Kibonoto, 1000-1300 m.. - As Episyron Sjöstedti: - Arnold, 1936Arnold, G. 1936. The Psammocharidae (olim Pompilidae) of the Ethiopian region. Part VI. Subfamily Psammocharinae continued. Ann. Transvaal Mus. 18:415-460.:448 ( listed as synonym of Episyron histrio (Lepeletier, 1845)). - As Episyron sjötedti:
Episyron histrio aeneipennis Arnold, 1936:451, ♂♀. Type ♀, Mount Kenya (British Museum). - Arnold, 1936Arnold, G. 1936. The Psammocharidae (olim Pompilidae) of the Ethiopian region. Part VI. Subfamily Psammocharinae continued. Ann. Transvaal Mus. 18:415-460. (distribution), 447 (key female), 448 (key male); Junco y Reyes, 1963Junco y Reyes, J.J. 1963. Himenópteros de Espana. Fam. Pompilidae (=Psammocharidae) Gens. Episyron Schdt., Batozonellus Arnd., Ctenostegus Hpt., Schistonyx Sauss. y Aporinellus Bks. EOS Revista Española de Entomologia 38:486-547. (distribution).

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Area distribution map

map of Episyron histrio (Lepeletier, 1845)

Distribution

ARGArgentina
 (Banks, 1947 [as Batazonus fervidus (Smith, 1879)]; Evans, 1966 [as Poecilopompilus algidus fervidus (Smith, 1873)]; Fernández et al., 2017 [as Poecilopompilus fervidus (Smith, 1873)]; Fernández et al., 2022 [as Poecilopompilus algidus fervidus (Smith, 1873)]; Kurczewski et al., 2024 [as Poecilopompilus fervidus (Smith, 1873)])
BRABrazil
 (Smith, 1873 [as Pompilus fervidus Smith, 1873]; Fox, 1897 [as Pompilus fervidus Smith, 1873]; Dalla Torre, 1897 [as Pompilus fervidus Smith, 1873]; Banks, 1944 [as Batazonus fervidus (Smith, 1879)]; Banks, 1947 [as Batazonus fervidus (Smith, 1879)]; Evans, 1966 [as Pompilus fervidus Smith, 1873]; Martins, 1991 [as Poecilopompilus algidus fervidus (Smith, 1873)]; Kurczewski et al., 2024 [as Poecilopompilus fervidus (Smith, 1873)])
CODCongo, Democratic Republic of the (= Zaire)
 (Arnold, 1936)
COLColombia
 (Fernández et al., 2017 [as Poecilopompilus fervidus (Smith, 1873)])
ECUEcuador
 (Banks, 1947 [as Batazonus fervidus (Smith, 1879)])
ETHEthiopia
 (Arnold, 1933 [as Episyron natalicolus (Dalla Torre, 1897)]; Arnold, 1951; Dollfuss, 1990; Dollfuss, 1990 [as Episyron nexilis (Kohl, 1906)]; Dollfuss, 1990 [as Episyron ornatissimus (Ritsema, 1874)])
GINGuinea
 (Dalla Torre, 1897 [as Pompilus ornatissimus Ritsema, 1874])
GUFFrench Guiana
 (Braet et al., 2000 [as Poecilopompilus algidus fervidus (Smith, 1873)])
GUYGuyana
 (Banks, 1944 [as Batazonus fervidus (Smith, 1879)]; Banks, 1947 [as Batazonus fervidus (Smith, 1879)])
INDIndia
 (Cameron, 1905 [as Pseudagenia pulchrifrons Cameron, 1905]; Junco y Reyes, 1951 [as Pseudagenia pulchrifrons Cameron, 1905])
KENKenya
 (Arnold, 1936 [as Episyron histrio aeneipennis Arnold, 1936]; Junco y Reyes, 1963 [as Episyron histrio aeneipennis Arnold, 1936])
MUSMauritius
 (Ganeshan & Madl, 2016)
NGANigeria
 (Kohl, 1906 [as Pompilus nexilis Kohl, 1906])
PANPanama
 (Evans, 1966 [as Poecilopompilus algidus fervidus (Smith, 1873)]; Cambra et al., 2004 [as Poecilopompilus algidus fervidus (Smith, 1873)]; Fernández et al., 2017 [as Poecilopompilus fervidus (Smith, 1873)]; Fernández et al., 2022 [as Poecilopompilus algidus fervidus (Smith, 1873)])
PRYParaguay
 (Banks, 1947 [as Batazonus fervidus (Smith, 1879)])
SDNSudan
 (Arnold, 1951)
TTOTrinidad and Tobago
 (Starr & Hook, 2003 [as Poecilopompilus fervidus (Smith, 1873)]; Fernández et al., 2022 [as Poecilopompilus algidus fervidus (Smith, 1873)])
TZATanzania, United Republik of
 (Cameron, 1910 [as Pompilus sjoestedti Cameron, 1910])
UGAUganda
 (Arnold, 1936 [as Episyron histrio aeneipennis Arnold, 1936]; Junco y Reyes, 1963 [as Episyron histrio aeneipennis Arnold, 1936])
YEMYemen
 (Wahis, 2000)
ZAFSouth Africa
 (Lepeletier, 1845; Smith, 1879 [as Pompilus fervidus Smith, 1879]; Dalla Torre, 1897 [as Pompilus natalicolus Dalla Torre, 1897]; Dalla Torre, 1897; Cameron, 1905 [as Anoplius pulchrihirtus Cameron, 1905]; Bingham, 1911 [as Pompilus natalicolus Dalla Torre, 1897]; Arnold, 1936; Junco y Reyes, 1959 [as Anoplius pulchrihirtus Cameron, 1905]; Gess & Gess, 2014)
ZWEZimbabwe
 (Arnold, 1936)

Literature

  • Arnold, G. 1933. Entomological expedition to Abyssinia, 1926-7. Hymenoptera, II.: Sphegidae and Psammocharidae. With an introductory note and supplementary list by Hugh Scott, Sc. D. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 10: v. 11 (63):351-371.
  • Arnold, G. 1936. The Psammocharidae (olim Pompilidae) of the Ethiopian region. Part VI. Subfamily Psammocharinae continued. Ann. Transvaal Mus. 18:415-460.
  • Arnold, G. 1951. Sphecidae and Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) collected by Mr. K. M. Guichard in West Africa and Ethiopia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 2 (3):96-187.
  • Banks, N. 1944. The Psammocharidae (Hymenoptera) taken at Kartabo and other localities in British Guiana. Zoologica 29:97-112.
  • Banks, N. 1947. Studies of South American Psammocharidae. Part 2. Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, Bulletin 99:371-486.
  • Bingham, C.T. 1911. South African aculeate Hymenoptera in the Oxford Museum. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London III:528-562.
  • Braet, Y., J.A. Cerda & J. Fretey 2000. Note sur quelques insectes récoltés au piège Malaise en Guyane française. Notes faunique de Gembloux 38:3-20.
  • Cambra, R.A., D.A. Quintero & R.J. Miranda 2004. Presas, comportamiento de anidación y nuevos registros de distribución en Pompílidos Neotropicales (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Tecnociencia 6 (1):95-109.
  • Cameron, P. 1905. Descriptions of new species of Sphegidae and Ceropalidae from the Khasia Hills, Assam [Continued from p. 229]. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 7: v. 15 (87):415-424.
  • Cameron, P. 1905. On some new Genera and Species of Hymenoptera from Cape Colony and Transvaal. Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society 15 (4):195-257.
  • Cameron, P. 1910. 8. Hymenoptera. 7. Fossores. :197-296.
  • Dalla Torre, C.G. 1897. Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Volumen VIII: Fossores (Sphegidae). Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig. 1-749.
  • Dollfuss, H. 1990. Aculeate Hymenoptera collected 1985 in the Republic of Central Africa (Sphecidae, Eumenidae, Vespidae, Pompilidae, Chrysididae, Scoliidae). Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen 42:121-123.
  • Evans, H.E. 1966. A revision of the Mexican and central American spider wasps of the subfamily Pompilinae (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society :1-442.
  • Fernández, F., J. Rodriguez, C. Waichert, B. Decker & J. Pitts 2022. Twenty two years later: An updated checklist of Neotropical spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Zootaxa 5116 (4):451-503.
  • Fernández, F., V. Castro, J. Rodríguez, C. Waichert & J.P. Pitts 2017. Avispas cazadoras de arañas de Colombia (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Proceditor Ltda., Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
  • Fox, W.J. 1897. Contributions to a knowledge of the Hymenoptera of Brazil, No. 2. - Pompilidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 49:229-283.
  • Ganeshan, S. & M. Madl 2016. Notes on the Pompilidae (Hymenoptera) of the Mascarenes. Linzer Biologische Beiträge 48 (1):483-485.
  • Gess. S.K. & F.W. Gess 2014. Wasps and bees in southern Africa. SANBI Biodiversity Series 24. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
  • Junco y Reyes, J.J. 1951. Himenópteros de Espana. Fam. Psammocharidae (Olim. Pompilidae). II. Claveliinae, Calicurgini. EOS Revista Española de Entomologia 27 (2):143-233.
  • Junco y Reyes, J.J. 1959. Himenópteros de Espana. Fam. Pompilidae (=Psammocharidae) Gen. Anopilus Duf. EOS Revista Española de Entomologia 35:41-95.
  • Junco y Reyes, J.J. 1963. Himenópteros de Espana. Fam. Pompilidae (=Psammocharidae) Gens. Episyron Schdt., Batozonellus Arnd., Ctenostegus Hpt., Schistonyx Sauss. y Aporinellus Bks. EOS Revista Española de Entomologia 38:486-547.
  • Kohl, F.F. 1906. Zoologische Ergebnisse der Expedition der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften nach Südarabien und Sokotra im Jahre 1898-1899. Hymenopteren. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturw. Kl. 71:169-301.
  • Kurczewski, F.E., R.C. West & C. Waichert 2024. New host records for Nearctic and Neotropical spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Insecta Mundi 1034:1-32.
  • Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, A.L.M. 1845. Histoire naturelle des Insects. Suites à Buffon. Hyménoptères, III. Roret, Paris. 1-646.
  • Martins, R.P. 1991. Nesting behavior and prey of Poecilopompilus algidus fervidus and Tachypompilus xanthopterus (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 64 (2):231-236.
  • Smith, F. 1855. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part III, Mutillidae and Pompilidae. :203 pp, 5 pl.
  • Smith, F. 1873. LII. Descriptions of new species of fossorial Hymenoptera in the collection of the British Museum. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 4: v. 11:441-451.
  • Smith, F. 1879. Descriptions of new species of Hymenoptera in the collection of the British Museum. Taylor and Francis, 1-240.
  • Starr, C.K. & Hook, A.W. 2003. The aculeate Hymenoptera of Trinidad, West Indies. Occasional Papers o the Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies 12:1-31.
  • Turner, R.E. 1915. Family Psammocharidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History ser. 8: v. 16:332-335.
  • Wahis, R. 2000. Hyménoptères aculéates du Yemen (Pompiliae, Vespidae). Not. faun. Gembloux 41:73-100.
  • Wolf, H., Sorg, M., Stenmans, W. & H. Schwan 2009. Wegwespen (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) der westlichen Paläarktis bearbeitet von Heinrich Wolf 1948 - 2008. Mitteilungen aus dem Entomologischen Verein Krefeld 3:1-395.